urban areas is having a significant impact on the quantity and quality of water available as inputs into the production and … consumption process, as well as the ability of the water system to absorb and neutralize the waste byproducts deposited into it …. Water shortages are most severe in the north of the country, where surface water diversion is excessive and groundwater is …

This paper provides new evidence on how effectively piped water consumption subsidies are targeting poor households in … goal of improving the accessibility and affordability of piped water for poor households. Instead, the majority of … segments typically face challenges in accessing and connecting to piped water services. The paper also reveals shortcomings in …

According to the 2015 Tanzania Water Point Mapping data, about 29 percent of all water points are non-functional, out … of which 20 percent failed within the first year. This paper analyzes the various factors which impact water point … failure and measures the relative contributions of these determinants. The results indicate that water points managed by …

Climate-driven water variability is a natural phenomenon observed across river basins, but predicted to increase due to … investigates whether basins governed by treaties witness less tension (and by extension more cooperation) over shared water in …

In the Middle East and North Africa, food security and water security are tightly entwined. In particular, choices … consequences for the region's limited water resources. This paper builds on previous modeling results comparing the cost and … consequences of the policies for water resources. A self-sufficiency policy is analyzed as well. Results suggest that trade …

Standpipes that dispense water from utilities are the most common alternatives to piped water connections for poor … their first water source. Other informal water providers include household resellers and a variety of water tankers and … vendors, which are the first water source of 1 percent and 3 percent of the urban population, respectively. In the cities …

This paper utilizes information from the 2015 Nigeria National Water and Sanitation Survey to identify the extent …, timing, as well as reasons for the failure of water points. The paper finds that more than 38 percent of all improved water … points are nonfunctional. The results indicate that nearly 27 percent of the water points are likely to fail in the first …

in the water sector. Two main participatory approaches have been applied separately, namely negotiation and mediation. In … mediated mechanism to a water allocation problem in the Kat watershed in South Africa. While the absolute results of the two …

Although water variability has already been observed across river basins, climate change is predicted to increase … institutional designs help mitigate inter-country tensions over shared water. The analysis specifically focuses on identifying which … water allocation mechanisms and institutional features provide better opportunities for mitigating conflict given that water …

This paper analyzes Botswana's medium-term fiscal sustainability in view of the expected depletion of diamonds in the … future. The analysis shows that in the absence of policy adjustments, Botswana's current fiscal policy strategy is … unsustainable over the longer term, which could endanger macroeconomic stability and Botswana's reputation as Africa's success story …