government will not know in advance whether the subsidy is World Trade Organization-legal …

dollar. Without downplaying the importance of subsidy elimination, the paper concludes that these impediments should receive …

subsidies and tariffs - for cotton it is subsidy reductions rather than tariff cuts that would make by far the largest impact …

subsidies for water and electricity services. Their analysis of a wide range of subsidy models from around the developing world … shows that the most common form of utility subsidy - quantity-based subsidies delivered through the tariff structure - are … effectiveness of consumption subsidy schemes to reach the poor. Simulations suggest that connection subsidies are an attractive …

a puzzle. One under-studied reason is that the design of subsidy schemes is such that households remain financially … constrained. This paper analyses whether, and how, micro-finance supports a large public health subsidy program in the developing … levels: First, micro-credit allows households officially ineligible for the subsidy to invest in sanitation by alleviating …

The paper compares the distribution of energy and food subsidies across households and the impact of subsidy reforms on …. The results show that the distribution of subsidies and the welfare effects of subsidy reforms are quite diverse across …

The paper takes stock of eight country studies and a cross-country analysis to review the experience with subsidy … reforms in the Middle East and North Africa region between 2010 and 2014. This unprecedented period of subsidy reforms …