Despite their increasing prominence in policy debates, little is known about gender inequities in non …, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, this paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the individual portfolio choice and … productivity of non-farm entrepreneurship. Except for Ethiopia, women are less likely than men to become nonfarm entrepreneurs …

female entrepreneurship and various institutional factors, including women's financial inclusion, the gender gap in education … 2016. The paper finds that the gender gap in business ownership remains high in many economies around the world. In the … majority of the analyzed economies, less than one-third of new limited liability company owners are women. Although sole …

respond to declining income with coping strategies that can vary significantly by gender. In the past, women from low …Do women weather economic shocks differently than men? The evidence shows this to be the case, especially in low …-income countries. The first-round impacts of economic crises on women's employment should be particularly salient in the current …

persistence, and women's occupational constraints-- with particular emphasis on the role of access to infrastructure. The first … several gender-based or gender-related experiments -- a reduction in the cost of child rearing, improved wage equality in the … promoting the role of women in growth strategies …

ex ante risk-mitigating production decisions. Standard ordinary least squares regression results indicate that gender … matters as well; however, the measured productivity gap between male and female farmers disappears when gender is included in …

This paper draws on history, anthropology, and economics to examine the dynamics and extent of women's contribution to … education and the persistence of gender discrimination in labor force participation; it also considers the overwhelming … gender gaps enhances growth in per capita gross domestic product and reduces female fertility rates and infant mortality. The …

Bringing together history and economics, this paper presents a historical and processual understanding of women …'s economic marginalization in Sub-Saharan Africa from the pre-colonial period to the end of colonial rule. It is not that women … major arguments. First, it discusses the historical processes through which the labor of women was increasingly appropriated …

This report reviews the literature on the links between energy access, welfare, and gender in order to provide evidence … on where gender considerations in the energy sector matter and how they might be addressed. Prepared as a background … document for the 2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, and part of the Social Development …

. This paper investigates the causal link between electricity access and women's empowerment, using a large gender …-disaggregated data set on India. Empowerment is measured by women's decision-making ability, mobility, financial autonomy, reproductive …Electrification has been shown to accelerate opportunities for women by moving them into more productive activities …

undertakes a talk-centered analysis of the gram sabha with a focus on examining the oral participation of women in general and … women affiliated with microcredit self-help groups who have access to an associational life. The qualitative analysis of 255 … gram sabha transcripts from four South Indian states finds that women associated with microcredit self-help groups employ a …