This paper surveys the state of knowledge about the trade-related environmental consequences of a country's development … strategy along three channels: (i) direct trade-environment linkages (overexploitation of natural resources and trade …-related transport costs); (ii)' virtual trade' in emissions resulting from production activities; and (iii) the product mix attributes …

Traditional weighted-average measures of trade distortions are widely used in analyzing global and regional reforms … countries and commodities with much more detailed information on trade than on production and consumption. The approach reflects …. Sensitivity analysis suggests that, for global trade reform, the ease of substitution between tariff lines is much more important …

international trade. As world trade is set to rebound, this paper addresses three questions: (i) Will trade volumes rebound in a … symmetric fashion as world economic growth rebounds? (ii) Will the crisis result in a change in the structure of trade, and in … chains? (iii) What policies can improve the prospects for developing country growth in the event that trade volumes do not …

Using data from Mexico, the authors study empirically the link between trade policy and individual income risk and the … between 1987 and 1998, a period in which the Mexican economy experienced substantial changes in trade policy. In a second step …, they use the variations in trade policy across different sectors and over time to estimate the link between trade policy …

international trade as well as trade and immigration policy. An aging society can see a welfare-reducing reduction in its share of … manufacturing output and this reduction is magnified by a decrease in trade costs (an increase in globalization). Immigration can …

A strong regulatory framework can provide essential tools for remote transactions and improve trust in digital trade …

Since the Global Financial Crisis, world trade growth has been subdued and lagging slightly behind growth of gross … domestic product. Trade is growing more slowly not only because growth of global gross domestic product is lower, but also … because trade itself has become less responsive to gross domestic product. This paper reviews the reasons behind the changing …