The authors present a database of indicators of innovative activity around the world since the early 1960s. The data … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

China is increasing its outlay on research and development and seeking to build an innovation system that will deliver …;D rose from 1.1 percent of GDP in 2000 to 1.3 percent of GDP in 2005. On a purchasing power parity basis, China's research … outlay was among the world's highest, far greater than that of Brazil, India, or Mexico. Chinese firms are active in the …

without a corresponding increase in research and development investment as a share of national income. The model predicts that … intellectual property rights determine global patterns of research and development effort, and intellectual property rights tend to … raise the effect of education on the incidence of research and development …

due to investment incentives offered by other countries in the same geographic region …

environment? This paper investigates whether changing the incentives for a subset of the community to contribute to the public … community-based organizations and encourages them, through social recognition and low-value, in-kind incentives, to work toward …

Behaviors that are putting people's health and well-being at risk are widespread in the developing world and some of …. But financial incentives such as conditional cash transfers are also increasingly proposed and tested to discourage such … the theoretical justification for using such incentives, distinguishing between the price, income effects, and the nudge …

temporary financial incentives paid to medical care clinics for the initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester of … while the incentives were being paid, and this effect persisted at least 15 months and likely 24 months or more after the … incentives ended. These results are consistent with a model where the incentives enable providers to address the fixed costs of …

Financial incentives are a promising HIV prevention strategy. This paper assesses the effect on HIV incidence of a …. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective for individuals willing to take risks. This paper estimates a model …