appreciating the role of secondary towns in rural-urban migration and poverty reduction. Secondary towns occupy a unique middle …. Secondary towns therefore have great potential as vehicles for inclusive growth and poverty reduction in urbanizing developing …-urban migrants from rural Kagera, in Tanzania …

This paper is motivated by two stylized facts about poverty in Africa: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and … poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions: How have female-headed households … fared? And what role have they played in Africa's impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data …

2004 survey of some 2,300 households in rural Bangladesh, this paper studies the welfare impacts of household energy use …, including that of modern energy, and estimates the household minimum energy requirement that could be used as a basis for an … energy poverty line. The paper finds that although the use of both traditional (biomass energy burned in conventional stoves …

of income, and access to coping mechanisms, but not by their poverty, as measured by the annual expenditure level. (4 … concludes with two policy implications. First, flood management could be considered as a component of the poverty … living in poverty before the shock …

modestly larger quantities. Using two-week transaction diaries covering 48,501 purchases by 1,493 households in Tanzania, this … paper finds that through bulk purchasing the average household could spend 8.7 percent less without reducing purchasing …

This paper uses data from eight different consumption questionnaires randomly assigned to 4,000 households in Tanzania … to obtain evidence on the nature of measurement errors in estimates of household consumption. While there are no …

of Tanzania, and to identify key factors that influence their productivity. Household enterprise owners are similar to … business. Although lack of credit is a problem across all enterprises in Tanzania, household enterprises are more vulnerable …The household enterprise sector has a significant role in the Tanzanian economy. It employs a larger share of the urban …

and temporally consistent measurement of household consumption and poverty. A field experiment in Tanzania tests eight … reporting accuracy by household characteristics are also discussed and differences in measured poverty as a result of survey …Consumption expenditure has long been the preferred measure of household living standards. However, accurate …

A rather unique panel tracking more than 3,300 individuals from households in rural Kagera, Tanzania during 1991 …/4-2010 shows that about one in two individuals/households who exited poverty did so by transitioning from agriculture into the … rural nonfarm economy or secondary towns. Only one in seven exited poverty by migrating to a large city, although those …

-prevention interventions. Based on an incentives-based HIV prevention trial in Tanzania, the longitudinal dataset in this paper allows the …