persistence, and women's occupational constraints-- with particular emphasis on the role of access to infrastructure. The first … several gender-based or gender-related experiments -- a reduction in the cost of child rearing, improved wage equality in the … promoting the role of women in growth strategies …

This paper draws on history, anthropology, and economics to examine the dynamics and extent of women's contribution to … education and the persistence of gender discrimination in labor force participation; it also considers the overwhelming … gender gaps enhances growth in per capita gross domestic product and reduces female fertility rates and infant mortality. The …

Bringing together history and economics, this paper presents a historical and processual understanding of women …'s economic marginalization in Sub-Saharan Africa from the pre-colonial period to the end of colonial rule. It is not that women … major arguments. First, it discusses the historical processes through which the labor of women was increasingly appropriated …

-case, "pessimistic," path to that goal would see the developing world outside China returning to its slower pace of growth and poverty … lift one billion people out of poverty. The more optimistic path would maintain the (impressive) progress against poverty …

reduce poverty. This paper describes the main mechanisms through which demographic change may affect economic outcomes, and … estimates the association between changes in the share of working-age population with per capita growth, savings, and poverty … poverty reduction …

reducing rural poverty and safeguarding the food security of farming and non-farming households. Prompting smallholder farmers … ex ante risk-mitigating production decisions. Standard ordinary least squares regression results indicate that gender … matters as well; however, the measured productivity gap between male and female farmers disappears when gender is included in …

Despite their increasing prominence in policy debates, little is known about gender inequities in non …, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, this paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the individual portfolio choice and … productivity of non-farm entrepreneurship. Except for Ethiopia, women are less likely than men to become nonfarm entrepreneurs …

respond to declining income with coping strategies that can vary significantly by gender. In the past, women from low …Do women weather economic shocks differently than men? The evidence shows this to be the case, especially in low …-income countries. The first-round impacts of economic crises on women's employment should be particularly salient in the current …