corruption on productivity. Corruption is narrowly defined as the occurrence of informal payments to government officials to ease … grease" hypothesis by investigating whether corruption may increase productivity by helping reduce the time tax on firms … corruption is more prevalent and the legal framework is weaker, bribery is more harmful for firm-level productivity …

unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low … productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In … contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive …

goods will likely lead to small losses to Armenia primarily due to a loss of productivity from lost varieties of …

between corruption and firm productivity when regulation is high and an insignificant relationship when it is low. These …Using firm-level data from more than 39,000 firms in 111 economies, this paper tests the hypothesis that corruption … impedes productivity more at higher levels of regulation. The analysis finds that there is a significant negative relationship …

What sorts of conditions make some countries more prone to corruption than the others? This is an important question … for understanding how corruption arises and how to combat it. The present paper attempts to answer this question by … exploring the link between the size of the country and corruption. Economic theory suggests advantages and disadvantages of …

This paper examines the growth patterns of emerging Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries …

This paper assesses corruption levels and trends among countries in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and …. Data from firm surveys tend to show improvement in most types of administrative corruption, but little change instate … capturein the region. Broader, subjective corruption indicators tend to show somewhat greater improvement in ECA than in non …

leverage, (ii) have low levels of profitability, (iii) are less capitalized, (iv) have low marginal productivity of capital …