consistent with a model featuring the role of product standards heterogeneity across market destinations and productivity …

and 10 areas that matter for development. Building on decade-long data collection by the World Bank Enterprise Surveys …, the indicators highlight systematic differences between foreign multinational enterprises and domestic firms across … countries in competitiveness outcomes such as productivity, innovation, export orientation, as well as the extent to which they …

than 12 million establishments from 2005-2008. The evidence shows that multinational subsidiaries on average fared better … than local counterfactuals with similar economic characteristics. Among multinational subsidiaries, establishments with …

As globalization has intensified, multinational enterprises' investments have become a sophisticated set of financial …

1/4 of the product scope expansion and 1/3 of the productivity gains within domestic firms …

in productivity gains from additional varieties of services, the analysis finds that real wages increase across all …

accumulation, and total factor productivity, unlike previous periods. Resources play a role by attracting capital inflows …

linking this to productivity, which turns out to be important. The paper also provides an example of modeling productivity …

direct investment and the endogenous productivity effect from services. The modeling framework shows that the liberalization …