on human health. Air pollution emitted from various activities in the energy supply chains is the main risk factor to … human health, along with accidental and occupational risk exposures. Estimates of premature deaths are over four million per … nexus between the energy supply chain and human health. Yet, the negative implications for human health from energy use …

This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures, reviewing the various summary … World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic … and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 …

are age, gender, education, formal employment, and union membership. Both health and retirement benefits are the …

relevant for emerging markets as they integrate financially with the rest of the world. This paper argues that, because of the …

(the VIX, the U.S. real interest rate and real exchange rate, U.S. GDP growth, and world commodity prices) that explain …

This paper analyzes the impact of Covid-19 and uncooperative trade policies on world food markets. It quantifies the … percent on average. Escalating export restrictions would multiply the initial shock by a factor of 3, with world food prices …

The spread of COVID-19 and implementation of "social distancing" policies around the world have raised the question of …