authors use existing research in political science and economics to develop a multi-level framework that accounts for the …

The authors present a database of indicators of innovative activity around the world since the early 1960s. The data … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

without a corresponding increase in research and development investment as a share of national income. The model predicts that … intellectual property rights determine global patterns of research and development effort, and intellectual property rights tend to … raise the effect of education on the incidence of research and development …

relevant for emerging markets as they integrate financially with the rest of the world. This paper argues that, because of the …

(the VIX, the U.S. real interest rate and real exchange rate, U.S. GDP growth, and world commodity prices) that explain …

This paper analyzes the impact of Covid-19 and uncooperative trade policies on world food markets. It quantifies the … percent on average. Escalating export restrictions would multiply the initial shock by a factor of 3, with world food prices …

The spread of COVID-19 and implementation of "social distancing" policies around the world have raised the question of …