to reduce fuel prices, most for gasoline. Absolute "pass-through" of crude oil price changes to fuel prices is found to …

complex in a large country that determines the biodiesel price, reflecting market equilibrium changes resulting from … volatility in the crude oil price. Oilseed crushing produces joint products -- oil and meal ?-- and this weakens the link between … both canola and soybeans are used to produce biodiesel, an increase in the crude oil price leads to higher canola prices …

applied incorporates the negative price effect caused by an increase in tobacco taxes, combined with a presumed future …. The analysis includes estimates of the distributional impacts of price rises on cigarettes under various scenarios, based … contribution is the quantification of impacts by allowing price elasticities to vary across consumption deciles. Overall, cigarette …

phase can result in 2.8 and 0.6 percent price savings, respectively, or R$540 million and R$116 million per year; or more ….6 percent or R$ 500 million a year in price savings, or doing the same if a large discount is placed within three minutes to …

measures and technical barriers to trade in the region and benchmarks it with other parts of the world. The results indicate … that the Central American region has the lowest prevalence of technical nontariff measures in the world. However, there is … of these technical measures on border prices and finds that the price impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures is …

and raises import prices by 3.6-6.7 percent. Third, in general, a price rise resulting from the costs of complying with …

its poor lived in rural areas and, during the same period, large international price fluctuations as well as an extensive …. The authors also find that while both poor and rich farmers enter the coffee sector, the price boom benefits the poorer …, notwithstanding the importance of the coffee price boom, the agricultural policy framework and the thorough structural reforms in …