Students around the world are going to school but are not learning -- an emerging gap in human capital formation. To …

moved from low productivity agriculture to higher productivity services and manufacturing. Although the employment share in … manufacturing is not expanding rapidly, in most of the low-income African countries the employment share in manufacturing has not … shifts in employment shares for future growth and development in Africa south of the Sahara …

-hour basis. What look like large productivity gaps in national accounts data could really be employment gaps, calling into … question the prospective gains that laborers can achieve through structural transformation. These employment gaps, along with …

, thus leaving total employment and real wages virtually unchanged in the long run. In contrast, the estimated impacts of … agriculture, reducing employment in the long run. The paper also discusses the effect of China on the degree of informality in … these three economies and contrasts short-run and long-run effects on employment and wages across industries …