Do sources of volatility differ by country characteristics such as the level of development, country size, quality of … that factors affecting gross domestic product volatility differ systematically by country size, development level, and … paper shows that small developing countries are more prone to domestic output shocks, while shocks to the world interest …

This paper examines how the ability to access long-term debt affects firm-level growth volatility. The analysis finds … growth volatility in countries with better-developed financial systems, as these firms may benefit from reduced refinancing … risk and therefore growth volatility associated with short-term financing. Increased availability of long-term finance …

Previous sharp oil price declines have been accompanied by elevated ex post volatility. In contrast, volatility was … price declines. This finding is robust to nonparametric and GARCH measures of volatility. Further, the U.S. dollar … appreciation exerted a strong influence on volatility during the recent crash; in contrast, the impact of shocks on equity markets …

This paper investigates the adverse effects of oil price volatility on economic activity and the extent to which … countries can hedge against such effects by using renewable energy. By considering the Realized Volatility of oil prices, rather …, and variance decompositions show that oil price volatility has more-adverse effects in all sample countries than oil price …

Between 1999 and 2008, world oil prices more than quadrupled in real terms. For oil importers, vulnerability to oil … domestic product. Oil intensity fell in more than half the countries in every income group and in every region of the world … pass-through to consumers of increases in world prices of gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas between …

For individual countries, variable trade barriers can be used to reduce the volatility of domestic relative to world … prices. If this is done by countries accounting for a large share of the market, its effect is offset by increases in world … price volatility. This study shows the nature of the resulting collective action problem, with the policy being ineffective …

This paper addresses the mechanisms by which trade openness affects growth volatility. Using a diverse set of export … effect of trade openness on growth volatility. The authors also identify positive thresholds for product diversification at … which the effect of openness on volatility changes sign. The effect is shown to be positive only for a minority of countries …

measures, the financial globalization index corrects for the heteroscedasticity of global volatility. This leads to a downward … globalization reduces market volatility (measured by the volatility of stock returns) in tranquil times, and increases it in … turbulent ones. On average, the first effect dominates, so that financial globalization leads to a decrease in market volatility …

This paper compiles project-level data from the World Bank's lending history to describe patterns and the composition … support. The results are robust to controlling for non-World Bank aid, as well as various alternative specifications and …