The combined effect of taxes and social spending in Romania helps to reduce inequality, although less so than in other … European Union countries. However, the combination of direct and indirect taxes and transfers leads to an increase in poverty … to the top of the income distribution. Although these changes likely helped to reduce poverty, they were an expensive way …

Energy poverty is a frequently used term among energy specialists, but unfortunately the concept is rather loosely … defined. Several existing approaches measure energy poverty by defining an energy poverty line as the minimum quantity of … based on energy demand. The energy poverty line is defined as the threshold point at which energy consumption begins to rise …

in extreme poverty, with guaranteed access to social services. Program impacts are identified using a regression …

partially compensate many losers from the crisis, and reduced extreme poverty …

As global extreme poverty has fallen -- by one measure, from close to 2 billion people in 1990 to about 700 million … extreme poverty. In the 1960s and 1970s, when close to half of the world was living in extreme poverty, the approach that … investing in education, health, and family planning. When extreme poverty rates came down?first in East Asia and then in other …

intensity over the past two decades, Romania still emits more greenhouse gas per unit of output than many other members of the … model, TIMES, this study develops energy supply mixes for Romania under a baseline scenario that satisfies the European … finds that although Romania could achieve the green scenario at a moderate cost, it would be challenging and costly to …

(Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Turkey), this paper applies panel data estimators and Juhn-Murphy Pierce …