modestly larger quantities. Using two-week transaction diaries covering 48,501 purchases by 1,493 households in Tanzania, this … paper finds that through bulk purchasing the average household could spend 8.7 percent less without reducing purchasing …

This paper uses data from eight different consumption questionnaires randomly assigned to 4,000 households in Tanzania … to obtain evidence on the nature of measurement errors in estimates of household consumption. While there are no …

of Tanzania, and to identify key factors that influence their productivity. Household enterprise owners are similar to … business. Although lack of credit is a problem across all enterprises in Tanzania, household enterprises are more vulnerable …The household enterprise sector has a significant role in the Tanzanian economy. It employs a larger share of the urban …

and temporally consistent measurement of household consumption and poverty. A field experiment in Tanzania tests eight …Consumption expenditure has long been the preferred measure of household living standards. However, accurate … measurement is a challenge and household expenditure surveys vary widely across many dimensions, including the level of reporting …

mechanisms on household demand for routine preventative health services in rural Burkina Faso. The two-year pilot program …

offered: those that absorb more than a pre-specified fraction of discretionary consumption; and those that leave a household …

Philippines? health strategy. Yet, as this paper shows using eight household surveys, health spending increased by 150 percent …