customers in the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty-five percent of the unconnected urban population relies on standpipes as …

Water and sanitation utilities in Africa operate in a high-cost environment. They also have a mandate to at least … of the world. The increasing block tariff (IBT) is the most common tariff structure in Africa. Most African utilities are …

This study examines the asset gains to households in Kerala, India, from two types of labor migration: moving overseas …

Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan have all experienced substantial out-migration of workers and an …

This paper presents the first evidence on the efficacy of a major program designed to encourage the return migration of … is no significant treatment effect for those who apply without a job offer. The estimated migration elasticity with …

their best and brightest vary substantially. The migration of skilled workers across countries tilts the deck even further … important implications are sketched. Third, the national gatekeepers for skilled migration and broad differences in approaches …

This paper studies the impact of migration on poverty, expenditures, and labor market outcomes in Nepal. Between 2001 …-in-difference methods. The findings show that increases in migration to Gulf-Malaysia explain 40 percent of the decline in poverty between … increases consumption by $0.5, with the largest share going to expenditures on food. The paper also finds that migration …

. There are also important market and regulatory failures that constrain mobility and reduce the net benefits of migration … internalize the social costs of migration in receiving regions; and (5) more flexible private sector driven schemes to regulate … the flow of migrants and minimize irregular migration …

This paper re-examines the development implications of international migration focusing on two issues: how the costs … and benefits of migration change over time, and the significance of South-South migration for development. First, the … analysis finds that although greater migration could push down the wages of native workers of advanced countries in the short …

migration by country of origin and education level. An exception is the paper by Carrington and Detragiache (1998), which … provided skilled migration rates for 61 developing countries in 1990. This study relies on a set of tentative assumptions. For …, the highest brain drain rates are observed in the Caribbean, Central America, and Western and Eastern Africa. Repeating …