The idea behind patent policies is to increase the output of commercially useful innovations by creating a transitory … types of considerations need to be addressed. First, there are issues of designing an appropriate patent system. This … intellectual property rights. Second, and more fundamentally, the investments that patent incentives trigger in research and …

, the assessment points to an abundance of innovation -- but a seeming failure of the many innovations to deliver more than …

, functioning patent system capable of attracting foreign direct investment, motivating domestic innovation and education, and …The decade following India's accession to the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property … ushered in numerous changes to the country's patent system, culminating in a series of amendments in 2005. But a functioning …

The authors present a database of indicators of innovative activity around the world since the early 1960s. The data … include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

Financial globalization, defined as global linkages through cross-border financial flows, has become increasingly … relevant for emerging markets as they integrate financially with the rest of the world. This paper argues that, because of the … way it is often measured, it has also led to the misperception that financial globalization in emerging markets has been …

(the VIX, the U.S. real interest rate and real exchange rate, U.S. GDP growth, and world commodity prices) that explain … common factors exhibits a "globalization" stage up to 2007, during which they acquire growing importance, followed by a phase …

The world economy has experienced four global recessions over the past seven decades: in 1975, 1982, 1991, and 2009 … internationally, with severe economic and financial disruptions in many countries around the world. The 2009 global recession, set off …

This paper computes a new financial globalization index for a large sample of countries for 1992-2016. Unlike other … measures, the financial globalization index corrects for the heteroscedasticity of global volatility. This leads to a downward … adjustment of financial globalization trends for developed, emerging, and frontier markets. The paper also shows that financial …

. This is achieved using firm-level data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering more than 16,000 manufacturing firms in …