The decade following India's accession to the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property … ushered in numerous changes to the country's patent system, culminating in a series of amendments in 2005. But a functioning … patent system is more than a statute. This paper discusses the steps that India must still take to develop an effective …

The idea behind patent policies is to increase the output of commercially useful innovations by creating a transitory … propertyy right that allows the inventor to appropriate part of the returns from his invention. In developing countries, two … types of considerations need to be addressed. First, there are issues of designing an appropriate patent system. This …

results support the conclusion from earlier studies that there is a need for stronger World Trade Organization disciplines on …

This paper analyzes the impact of Covid-19 and uncooperative trade policies on world food markets. It quantifies the … percent on average. Escalating export restrictions would multiply the initial shock by a factor of 3, with world food prices …

more severe than, the Great Depression of 1930, but did not give rise to the rampant protectionism that followed the Great …. World Trade Organization disciplines raise the cost of using trade policies for member countries and have proved to be a …

elasticity. Results show that there is no widespread increase in protectionism via tariff policies since the global financial … as US$43 billion during the crisis period, it explains less than 2 percent of the collapse in world trade …