represented 83 percent of the world's population and 91 percent of the world's GDP in 2013. It addresses the following five … import protection? How do trade policies change over time? Do countries discriminate among their trading partners when … setting trade policy? Finally, how liberalized is world trade? The analysis documents the extent of cross …

unique data set compiled from unpublished customs records of imports, tariffs and all other taxes levied at the border. It …

are evaluated according to World Trade Organization compliance, administrative plausibility, help in meeting environmental …

. Using a stylized model of the first-order impacts of import tariffs on household real income, this paper quantifies the … increase household incomes by 2.50 percentage points. Import tariffs have highly heterogeneous effects across countries and … database, the Household Impacts of Tariffs data set, which contains harmonized household survey and tariff data for 54 low- and …

and 22 percent of world GDP. The paper examines determinants of carefully constructed, bilateral measures of new import … economies over 1989-2010; by 2010, these WTO member countries collectively accounted for 21 percent of world merchandise imports … duties. The paper presents evidence of a counter-cyclical relationship between macroeconomic shocks and new TTB import …

How do global supply chain linkages modify countries' incentives to impose import protection? Are these linkages … workhorse terms-of-trade model of trade policy with political economy. Theory predicts that discretionary final goods tariffs … too strong, final goods tariffs will also be decreasing in the foreign content of domestically-produced final goods. The …

This paper assesses issues relating to tariffs and nontariff measures (NTMs) in relation to Russia's World Trade …

specific tariffs have resulted in some previous efforts that have simply ignored the specific tariffs. This is the first paper … to accurately assess the tariff rates. The authors show that ignoring the specific tariffs results in an underestimate of … places Russia's tariffs at a level slightly higher than other middle-income countries and considerably higher than the OECD …

developing and emerging countries over several years, merged with destination-product-specific information on tariffs and non … isomorphic to that of tariffs: the observed pricing-to-market behavior suggests that, although tariffs reduce the market power of …