makers use a framework similar to that of the development of conventional bond markets, that is, by establishing (1) well …

Controlling for bond and issuer characteristics, bond spreads are expected to be equal across different legal …?denominated bonds issued by 53 emerging market sovereigns during 1990-2015 reveals that after the financial crisis of 2008, the launch … spread of sovereign bonds issued under U.K. law has been higher than those issued under U.S. law, by 130 basis points for BB …

This paper provides the first comprehensive documentation of how firms use domestic and international corporate bond …

corporate bond and syndicated loan markets. Contrary to claims in the literature based on firm balance sheets, firms from … developing countries borrow through bonds and syndicated loans at maturities similar to those obtained by developed country firms …. The composition and use of financing matters. Firms from developing countries borrow shorter term in domestic bond markets …

Millennium Development Goals set the stage for global support of ambitious development goals behind which the world must rally … mobilized if the world is to succeed in meeting its targets. Thus, the potential for Islamic finance to play a role in …

Previous sharp oil price declines have been accompanied by elevated ex post volatility. In contrast, volatility was … much less elevated during the oil price crash in 2014/15. This paper provides evidence that oil prices declined in a … relatively measured manner during 2014/15, with dispersion of price changes that was considerably smaller than comparable oil …

This paper investigates the adverse effects of oil price volatility on economic activity and the extent to which … countries can hedge against such effects by using renewable energy. By considering the Realized Volatility of oil prices, rather … than following the standard approach of considering oil price shocks in levels, the effects of factor price uncertainty on …

A global computable general equilibrium model is used to analyze the economic impacts of rising oil prices with … agricultural sectors of high-income countries, which are relatively energy intensive, would suffer more from rising oil prices than … are especially strong for oil importers with relatively energy-intensive manufacturing and trade, such as India and China …

Between 1999 and 2008, world oil prices more than quadrupled in real terms. For oil importers, vulnerability to oil … domestic product. Oil intensity fell in more than half the countries in every income group and in every region of the world … price increases, defined as the share of gross domestic product spent on net oil imports, rose considerably. Considering …