World trade is increasingly ruled by preferential trade agreements (PTAs), but their precise nature remains relatively … Trade Center and the World Bank. The data set covers 5,203 products, 199 reporters, and 239 partners, representing … because one-fifth of world trade under preferential agreements is already duty free, more than a quarter of world trade is …

This paper takes a first look at the trade effects of China's Belt and Road Initiative, also referred to as the New …-referenced data and geographical information system analysis to compute the bilateral time to trade before and after the Belt and Road … Initiative. Then, it estimates the effect of improvement in bilateral time to trade on bilateral export values and trade patterns …

successful among them, with an estimated positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade …, ECOWAS appears to have had a positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion …Many recent papers have pointed to ambiguous trade effects of developing regional trade agreements (RTAs), calling for …

gravity framework, it examines the impact of services trade agreements on gross trade and global value chain trade (backward … and forward participation) in goods. It finds that services trade agreements promote both, but especially global value … chain trade, although the effects are heterogeneous: the impact is greater for developing nation exporters. Moreover …

comprehensive database of PTAs in force and a detailed matrix of world trade. He shows that total trade between PTA partners is a … to one-third of global trade in 2000-02, the latter was between one-sixth and one-tenth of world trade. His gravity model …The author investigates the effects of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on bilateral trade flows using a …

Preferential trade agreements today are more numerous and deeper than they were a quarter century ago. Do deep … their trade agreement partners? Would the undoing of deep agreements disrupt global value chains? What is the outlook for … trade agreements and global value chains going forward? This paper reviews the small but growing literature on the role of …

, but the impact varies by income group. Provisions outside the current mandate of the World Trade Organization (investment … under the current World Trade Organization mandate (tariff reduction and customs facilitation) drive the effect of trade …Preferential trade agreements have become deeper over time, often encompassing policy areas that go beyond traditional …

preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Should economists see this as an efficient institutional hand-off, where the WTO has carried … trade liberalization as far as it can manage, and is now passing the baton to PTAs to finish the job? This paper surveys a … growing economics literature on international trade agreements and argues on this basis that the WTO is not pass?. Rather, and …

trade rules. The authors find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating … countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a region-that is, harmonization … of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain …

How does geographic distance affect the impact of trade agreements on bilateral exports, and through what channels … trade flows, geographic distance significantly decreases their effect. Second, this phenomenon is in large part explained by … when controlling for trade agreement depth, measured by the type of agreement and content of provisions, and economic …