possibly generate some trade-chilling effects. They review characteristics of existing preferential trade agreements with … preferentialism on intra-regional trade flows focuses on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), with the aim of providing a rough estimate …

comprehensive database of PTAs in force and a detailed matrix of world trade. He shows that total trade between PTA partners is a … to one-third of global trade in 2000-02, the latter was between one-sixth and one-tenth of world trade. His gravity model …The author investigates the effects of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on bilateral trade flows using a …

preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Should economists see this as an efficient institutional hand-off, where the WTO has carried … trade liberalization as far as it can manage, and is now passing the baton to PTAs to finish the job? This paper surveys a … growing economics literature on international trade agreements and argues on this basis that the WTO is not pass?. Rather, and …

, but the impact varies by income group. Provisions outside the current mandate of the World Trade Organization (investment … under the current World Trade Organization mandate (tariff reduction and customs facilitation) drive the effect of trade …Preferential trade agreements have become deeper over time, often encompassing policy areas that go beyond traditional …

This paper takes a first look at the trade effects of China's Belt and Road Initiative, also referred to as the New …-referenced data and geographical information system analysis to compute the bilateral time to trade before and after the Belt and Road … Initiative. Then, it estimates the effect of improvement in bilateral time to trade on bilateral export values and trade patterns …

How does geographic distance affect the impact of trade agreements on bilateral exports, and through what channels … trade flows, geographic distance significantly decreases their effect. Second, this phenomenon is in large part explained by … when controlling for trade agreement depth, measured by the type of agreement and content of provisions, and economic …

trade rules. The authors find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating … countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a region-that is, harmonization … of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain …

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements … has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the past 15 years. The discriminatory … character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest …

rights, ease of labor market regulations, and sound macroeconomic environment, including stable exchange rates and low … used to analyze the impact of preferential trade agreements. The findings show that most of the eligible countries … were able to expand into manufacturing and other industrial goods. The positive trade impacts were largely associated with …

countries, trade preferences have proven a stumbling block to developing country support for multilateral liberalization. The …