, which are questionable in the real world of frictions, leads to three channels through which domestic saving may promote …

Deteriorating public finances around the world raise doubts about countries' abilities to bail out their largest banks …

ratings after controlling for changes in the world weighted average rating. When relative ratings in 2012 are compared with … the first half of 2008, the world average rating is found to be weaker because of the financial crisis. The relative …

measures, the financial globalization index corrects for the heteroscedasticity of global volatility. This leads to a downward … globalization reduces market volatility (measured by the volatility of stock returns) in tranquil times, and increases it in … turbulent ones. On average, the first effect dominates, so that financial globalization leads to a decrease in market volatility …

This paper examines how the ability to access long-term debt affects firm-level growth volatility. The analysis finds … growth volatility in countries with better-developed financial systems, as these firms may benefit from reduced refinancing … risk and therefore growth volatility associated with short-term financing. Increased availability of long-term finance …

Previous sharp oil price declines have been accompanied by elevated ex post volatility. In contrast, volatility was … price declines. This finding is robust to nonparametric and GARCH measures of volatility. Further, the U.S. dollar … appreciation exerted a strong influence on volatility during the recent crash; in contrast, the impact of shocks on equity markets …