Middle East and North Africa countries and 20 comparator countries around the world, this paper shows that the Middle East …

digital businesses. Competition laws need to be revisited to address the winner-take-all tendency of digital platform … their fair share to society. This paper also provides the first analysis of the World Bank's Digital Business Indicators …, data privacy and security, as well as logistics, in 21 pilot countries. It aims to explore the possibilities for developing …

jurisdiction of national regulators also raises concerns about the protection of privacy. Addressing these legitimate concerns … regulators, most significantly in the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Agreement. The paper argues that unilateral restrictions on data … rules that limit only the importers' freedom to regulate cannot address the challenge posed by privacy; and regulatory …