on human health. Air pollution emitted from various activities in the energy supply chains is the main risk factor to … human health, along with accidental and occupational risk exposures. Estimates of premature deaths are over four million per … nexus between the energy supply chain and human health. Yet, the negative implications for human health from energy use …

This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures, reviewing the various summary … World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic … and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 …

This study investigates the impact of World Bank development policy lending on the quality of economic policy. It finds … using the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessments of macro, debt, fiscal and structural policies, and … previous studies based on earlier loans are consistent with claims by the World Bank that it has learned from its mistakes with …

an international organization, the World Bank. After randomly assigning treatment to 248 survey participants, the study … World Bank surveyors to turn to sample surveys more often, reducing survey overload in the institution …

Public health systems that are capable of disease surveillance and action to prevent and manage outbreaks require … trustworthy community-embedded public health workers who are empowered to undertake their tasks as professionals. Economic theory … for how to recruit and manage frontline health workers to promote trustworthiness and professionalism. This paper provides …

Adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in health care facilities plays a critical role in ensuring improved … health care utilization and reducing disease burden due to reinfection. WASH in health facilities is now gaining momentum … conditions in health facilities. Using data collected through a census of all community health clinics in Bangladesh, this paper …

The low take-up of cost-effective and highly subsidised preventive health technologies in low-income countries remains … constrained. This paper analyses whether, and how, micro-finance supports a large public health subsidy program in the developing … world -- the Swachh Bharat Mission -- in achieving its aim of increasing uptake of individual household latrines. Exploiting …

The last few years have seen a growing commitment worldwide to universal health coverage (UHC). Yet there is a lack of … everyone?irrespective of their ability-to-pay?gets the health services they need; and that nobody suffers undue financial … data?by about 5 points on average; however, the improvement has come from increases in receipt of key health interventions …

increase in private health investments …