For most of the twentieth century, pessimism about, and hostility to, markets was prevalent and this pulled in an anti-globalist direction. Indeed, the global institutions set up in 1944 were constructed by two market pessimists, John Maynard Keynes, on whom this article concentrates, and Harry...

In the light of recent market volatility, this essay asks: is Keynes dead or alive? The broad conclusion is that while macroeconomic models are still used, very little survives of Keynes’s original theory. 'New Keynesians' have replaced his key concept of radical uncertainty by models of...