A brief survey of the development of the study of risk and probability is given together with some basic observations on their application to insurance. This is followed with observations on the lack of appreciation of probability studies and an elementary feeling for probability by the public...

Although short sales make an important contribution to financial markets, this transaction faces legal constraints that do not govern long positions. In evaluating these constraints, other commentators, who are virtually all economists, have not focused rigorously enough on the precise contours...

Three variations of the core of a market game representing an exchange economy are considered and compared. The possibility for utilizing the Walrasian core to reflect certain monetary phenomena is noted.

Some observations are made on the future directions of research in game theory that are to be expected in the next decade.

The size and style of referencing for a large sample of 60 years of publications of the Cowles Foundation are examined. The influence of computerization is considered. Self-referencing is noted and some observations are made on the costs and distribution of research papers.

The classical Fisher equation asserts that in a nonstochastic economy, the inflation rate must equal the difference between the nominal and real interest rates. We extend this equation to a representative agent economy with real uncertainty in which the central bank sets the nominal rate of...

A discussion of the utilization of the methods of game theory in operations research is given together with a consideration of the future developments. The language and analogies provided by game theory are now broadly accepted. It is suggested that the deep successes of game theory have...

The knowledge constraints and transactions costs imposed by geographical distance, network connections and time conspire to justify local behavior as a good approximation for global rationality. We consider a class of games to illustrate this relationship and raise some questions as to what...

In order to explain in a systematic way why certain combinations of market, financial, and legal structures may be intrinsic to certain capabilities to exchange real goods, we introduce criteria for abstracting the qualitative functions of markets. The criteria involve the number of strategic...

The relationship between money and credit is discussed in terms of network linkage. Fiat money is the only instrument with the universal recognition of its issuer. Near monies such as bank money and money substitutes such as gasoline credit cards can be classified in terms of their network...