distributed between inventors and investors. As a result, bank lending for firm R&D has been rare. However, firms can signal the … potential to alter the risk assessment of the firm's main bank. Additionally, we explore heterogeneities in these risk … assessments arising from the industry level and the main bank's portfolio. We test our theoretical predictions for a sample of …

for stock corporations. Recent empirical evidence, moreover, suggests that bank shareholders pushed for greater risk …-taking and not managers. This contrast with public view that the bank managers are pushed by aggressive remunerations schemes to …

-up firms over the period 2007-2009, we find that high-tech startups are less likely to use bank finance and face more … difficulties in raising bank finance than low-tech start-ups. We find that external credit scores do affect the availability of …-tech start-ups than low-tech start-ups. Start-ups that have their main relation with a small bank use more bank finance and …