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The sensitivity of innovation activities with respect to the business cycle is often assumed to be small. In this paper … the hypothesis on cyclical dependence of innovation activities is tested for firms in the German manufacturing, and … additionally for SMEs. To this end firms? innovation decisions are considered. The decision to innovate in one period is modelled …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297408
This paper incorporates the cost of adjustment between observed and optimal leverage in explaining the variation in firm?s equity or bank-debt financing investments. Using a dynamic adjustment approach identifies the determinants to capital structure between different financial systems. In...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010298124
This paper provides a labour supply explanation to the observation that in Germany employment changes are asymmetric during the business cycle. Employment increases are slower, because the reservation wage of workers increases in times of job uncertainty. Workers are afraid in those periods of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297625
This paper analyses the determinants of employment reactions of firms when environmental innovations have been carried out. It differentiates hereby between employment increases and decreases. The data stem from a telephone survey covering more than 1500 firms in five European countries that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297743
rich data set. The paper shows that innovation expenditures and investments in information and communication technologies …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297747
In an a priori view, it is usually assumed that the business cycle of manufacturing industries leads the business cycle of the service sector. This seems to be even more plausible for the relationship between business-related services, whose high growth rates in recent years were largely due to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010297661
Business cycles reflect changes over time in the amount of trade between individuals. In this paper we show that incorporating explicitly intra-temporal gains from trade between individuals into a macroeconomic model can provide new insight into the potential mechanisms driving economic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010307846
Die schwere Wirtschaftskrise 2008/09 hatte substanzielle Auswirkungen auf die Innovationstätigkeit der deutschen …The massive economic crisis 2008/09 had substantial impacts on the innovation activities of the German economy. The … loss in sales and profits resulted in a sharp decline of innovation expenditure. While capital expenditure for new products …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010307837
-in-differences design to causally identify the short-run impact of COVID-19 on innovation spending in 2020 and expected innovation spending … substantially reduced innovation expenditure not only in the first year of the pandemic (2020) but also in the two subsequent years …, indicating 'Long-Covid' effects on innovation. In 2020, innovation expenditure fell by 4.7 % due to the pandemic. In 2022 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014313934
ICT-intensive firms are often found to have a better performance than their non-ICTintensive counterparts. Along with investing in ICT capital they have to adapt their production and business processes in order to reap the potentials implied by the use of ICT. Are these firms also more resilient...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011702776