Thorwarth, Susanne; Kraft, Kornelius; Czarnitzki, Dirk - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2008
or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … has been underestimated in the literature, as scholars typically use information about R&D, i.e. the sum of research … expenditure and development expenditure, due to data availability. However, in most industries only (applied) research will lead …
