the crisis' effects at a very early stage and entail a leading indication on later movements in firm credit ratings. …

firm digitalisation can be associated with changes in mobility during the Covid-19 crisis in Germany, both when strong … experienced a stronger reduction in mobility during the first two years of the pandemic. However, mobility almost came back to pre-crisis …

future, its introduction would risk pushing Europe back into acute crisis. But the indefinite postponement of reform would …

The German experience of the crisis was very different compared to those of most other countries in Europe. Germany was … German labour market was very resilient during the crisis due to earlier labour market reforms and policy instruments … enacted. This chapter will present the German experience of the financial crisis. We start by presenting the macroeconomic …

the use of ICT. Are these firms also more resilient in times of crisis? We study this question by exploiting a novel and … during the crisis in 2008 and 2009, ICT-intensive firms were hit less hard with respect to their productivity. This holds in …

motives: On the one hand, public R&D spending can be seen as a means to fight the crisis, and governments may decide to … increase their R&D budgets. On the other hand, a crisis reduces public income and urges governments to cut spending, which may …