Czarnitzki, Dirk; Rammer, Christian; Toole, Andrew A. - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) - 2013
typically treat these 'university' spinoffs like industry startups. However, when university spinoffs involve an employment … social cost than the creation of an industry startup. To offset this higher social cost, university spinoffs must produce a … larger stream of social benefits than industry startups, a performance premium. This paper outlines the arguments why the …