or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

economics. We hypothesize that the right balance between internal and external knowledge is critical for innovation. The … and reach beyond the boundaries of the firm. Accordingly, technology transfer from providers of knowledge intensive … client-side innovation. The aim of this paper is to contribute to resolving an empirical puzzle arising from the prior …

Nanomaterials are seen as a key technology for the 21st Century, and much is expected of them in terms of innovation … products. In this context, it seems all the more important for regions to put their own innovation systems in place, and to … conditions and configurations allow a regional innovation system to be competitive in a cutting-edge technology like …

Based on a sample of German innovating firms that contains information on formal and informal innovation cooperation … cooperations are the innovation dynamics at the industry level. Firms who operate an R&D department and firms who are involved in …

We estimate the determinants of various types of product innovation. Knowledge spillovers from rivals have a positive … exert no such independent influence on drastic innovation activities. The results support the hypothesis that establishments … face difficulties in using knowledge that comes from areas they are not familiar with. Establishments exploit spillovers …

% of average knowledge is learned outside the average region of origin, and only 9% outside the country of origin. However …Knowledge flows within and across countries should be carriers of important learning spillovers. We use data on 1 ….5 million patents and 4.5 million citations to analyze knowledge flows across 147 subnational regions. We estimate that only 15 …

, linked labor and capital to output. More recently, Romer and others have expanded the model to include measures of knowledge …

The paper tests empirically the role of knowledge stocks to explain the regional distribution of Germany …-academic founders coming from inside or outside the region cannot be explained with knowledge intensity of the region. Our empirical …?s biotechnology founders. We present an unique approach to highlight the role of knowledge spillovers as we differentiate according …

for spatial heterogeneity. In particular, Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood (ML) estimation methods are employed for model … selection. Furthermore, higher order spatial influence is considered. The proposed method is then used to identify knowledge … estimation can be achieved by controlling for both phenomena. …

patent quantity is driven by knowledge exchange rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in joint R&D, on the other hand, receive … new knowledge and alliances that aim at exchange of existing knowledge, the results suggest that the positive effect on … more forward citations per patent indicating that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In light of literature on strategic …