a copyright-, trademark- and patent-eligible subject matter, a European perspective is still lacking in the literature …

on the effects of the patent stock on profitability. The data base is a representative sample of German manufacturing … patent stock has a strong and robust effect on profitability. …

empirical study on the determinants of innovative activity measured by patent applications are presented. A sample of German … innovation, i.e. weakly controlled managers show a higher innovation propensity. However, the higher the leverage the more …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead …

, but only for firms that engage in in-licensing and only for product innovation. The relationship between fragmentation and … innovative performance also depends on the size of a firm's patent portfolio, which suggests an important strategic role for …

landscapes have a higher probability of in-licensing. For firms with small patent portfolios we also find a positive association … higher innovative performance for firms that do not in-license. Furthermore, the effects of fragmentation on innovation also … appear to depend on the size of a firm’s patent portfolio. These results suggest that the effects of fragmentation of …

patent quantity is driven by knowledge exchange rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in joint R&D, on the other hand, receive … more forward citations per patent indicating that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In light of literature on strategic …