case study of 500,000 firms based in Germany. Among others, we explore three dimensions of relational proximity: (1 …) Cognitive proximity is measured by the similarity between firms' website texts. (2) Organizational proximity is measured by … model. (3) Geographical proximity is calculated using the exact geographic location of the firms. Finally, we use these …

The proximity framework has attracted considerable attention in a scholarly discourse on the driving forces of … knowledge exchange tie formation. It has been discussed that too much proximity is negatively associated with the effectiveness … boundaryspanning knowledge ties. Going beyond the "dyadic" perspective on proximity dimensions, this paper argues that the key factor …