Ambitious unilateral EU environmental policy has raised concerns about adverse competitiveness implications for … measures to address these concerns in the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS): border tax adjustments (BTA) and the Clean … policy on energy-intensive and export-oriented industries. The regulatory protection of these industries via subsidies for EU …

Given the coexistent EU priorities concerning the competitiveness of European industries and international emissions … regulation at the company level, this paper assesses the efficiency and competitiveness implications of linking the EU Emissions … equilibrium approach shows that the aggregate welfare impacts of linking the EU ETS are rather limited. We further find that the …