innovative technology within this trajectory. As for the diffusion of SC, the paper concentrates on Germany, USA, China and Japan … has established a lead market for SC technology. In the meanwhile, Japan has surpassed the United States, although it … comparative advantages in terms of prices, demand and market structure, Japan has caught up in terms of transfer advantage and …

large economies, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. The empirical results show that although the pure NGARCH …

, Germany, Japan and the USA taking into account the different regulation schemes in these countries. We concentrate on …. In the meanwhile, Japan has surpassed the United States, although it started as a typical lag market. Japan has caught up … advantage of Japan mainly stems from its intensive R&D activities. It can also be observed that some other advantages – such as …

experience of Japan. Exchange rate appreciation, or the threat of it, causes macroeconomic distress without having any …

Trading Scheme (ETS) to emerging trading schemes outside Europe. Currently, countries like Canada, Japan or Australia are …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …