We estimate the effects of R&D on firms' credit ratings and on financial distress. The main purpose is the comparison … of firms in Western Germany and Eastern Germany as a transitional economy. Innovative activity has a positive impact on … firm value proxied by ratings in Western Germany, but a negative impact in Eastern Germany. We also consider future …

general as well as in technology- and knowledge-intensive subsectors. We compare Germany and Portugal which exhibit, though EU … results for Germany reveal exactly the opposite effect. These results suggest that both specialization and diversity theories …

Less than half of the people with migration background living in Germany possess foreign citizenship. Hence, using … use of citizenship, estimates are presented in comparison to foreigner and German citizens. The results show that persons … Germany lead to better earnings prospects compared to degrees obtained abroad for persons with migration background …

This paper investigates the functioning of regional labour markets in Italy and Germany for different employee groups … the West and East of Germany, we first derive theoretical hypotheses on group specific correlations between regional … Italy. In the case of Germany, results are quite sensitive to the model specification and the employee group considered. In …

large economies, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. The empirical results show that although the pure NGARCH …