We analyze the impact of the probabilistic nature of patents on the functioning of Germany’s bifurcated patent … litigation system where infringement and validity of a patent are decided independently by different courts. We show that … bifurcation creates situations in which a patent is held infringed that is subsequently invalidated. Our conservative estimates …

supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …We contribute to the economic literature on patent litigation by taking a new perspective. In the past, scholars mostly … focused on specific litigation cases at the patent level and related technological characteristics to the event of litigation …

careers. We combine survey information spanning the inventors' entire careers and psychometric test evidence, with patent … of inventive performance such as inventor age and a broad list of applicant institution-, technology-, patent-, and …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures’ “quality” to investors. If the decision about patent …

We use an exogenous change in German Federal law to examine how entrepreneurial support and the ownership of patent … of patent rights from university researchers to their universities. Based on a novel researcher-level panel database that … increase in start-up companies by university researchers. The shift in patent rights may have strengthened the relationship …

innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and … for the same innovation or for different innovations. Employing firm panel data from Germany, we find fairly few …

. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …

Monitoring by institutional investors can act as an important mechanism to promote firm innovation. By investigating … innovation. Consistent with the monitoring view, we further find that (1) the effect of institutional investors on firm patenting … robust when innovation quality is examined. …

within a company group. However, the previous literature has rather focused on studying the impact of taxation on patent … employ data on European and US patent and trademark applications in the period of 1996-2012 and estimate a multinomial logit …