to initiate adequate investment incentives. Using a two-equation estimation approach, a direct competition effect (more … service competition increases the supply of infrastructure) can be disentangled from an indirect effect (more service … competition increases the demand for infrastructure quality and, as a consequence, increases the supply of infrastructure). While …

We study competition in the German interurban bus industry two years after its liberalization in January 2013. In … of market power by incumbents – and derive several recommendations to secure effective competition in the industry. …

monopoly basis, competition does play a key role on routes with a sufficiently large base of (potential) customers. From a … 24 years old and the presence of intermodal competition by intercity railway services. …

policies and competition controlling for relevant supply and demand side factors. Our econometric model employs dynamic panel … impact on investment in new infrastructure. Furthermore, infrastructure-based competition from mobile operators and the …

regulatory holidays or geographically differentiated regulations, ii) deregulatory approaches based on effective competition law … of access regulations exist, whereas only a much smaller branch of literature addresses the impact of competition … in grey areas, if there is sufficient pressure from competitive outside options and if competition law is strong. Finally …

national implementation. While the Second Regulatory Package balanced competition and investment aims, the new Regulatory … ; local loop competition ; regulatory independence …