This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …

firms, taking into consideration the role played by in-licensing of IP. We find that firms facing more fragmented IP … landscapes have a higher probability of in-licensing. For firms with small patent portfolios we also find a positive association … between fragmentation and licensing costs as a share of sales. We observe a negative relationship between IP fragmentation and …

into consideration the role played by in-licensing of IP. Controlling for a variety of firm and market characteristics, we … find that firms facing more fragmented IP landscapes are more likely to report expenditures on in-licensing and for those … firms that do incur license costs we find a weak positive association between licensing expenditure and fragmented IP rights …

markets. -- Licensing ; blocking patents ; discrete and complex technologies ; technology competition … ownership and the threat of a firm's patent applications being blocked by competitors' patents lead to increased patenting and … inlicensing activity. In this paper, we investigate the effect of expected blocking on firms' engagement in in- and out-licensing …

start applying for patents on technologies which are not yet mature in order to cover ideas that may eventually turn … single mature technologies is initiated and accelerated when network effects are present or patents exhibit a blocking …

by estimating and comparing the tax elasticities of two different types of intangibles - patents and trademarks. We … findings, trademarks are more sensitive to changes in taxation as compared to patents. This implies that firms use trademarks … more eagerly for tax planning purposes than patents. …

between patents on university-discovered inventions and university start-ups; however, it substantially decreased the volume … of patents with the largest decrease taking place in faculty-firm patenting relationships …

manufacturing in 2000, it turns out that patents are important to protect intellectual property in the market, whereas secrecy seems …

is needed for successful utilization of this policy. -- R&D collaboration ; intellectual property ; uncertainty ; patents …