knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out … that measures of the uncentered correlation of firm characteristics seem to fit actual knowledge spillovers best. Direct …

-cooperating firms if spillovers are sufficiently large. The degree of market competition is a key determinant of the effects of research … cooperation on research efforts, implying that existing models which assume perfect competition might be too restrictive. …

the Third Community Innovation Survey from Germany, we focus on the role of spillovers in explaining R&D cooperation. We …This paper analyzes the determinants of R&D co-operation among German manufacturing firms. Using firm level data from … two-step estimation procedure, we find a positive effect of knowledge flows on the probability of R&D co-operation in most …

We estimate the effect of R&D spillovers on sales realized by products new to the firm (imitation) and new to the … market (innovation). It turns out that spillovers from rivals lead to more imitation, while inputs from customers and …

This paper develops a three stage oligopoly game for R&D cooperation, R&D expenditure and product market competition …. In the first stage, firms decide whether or not to conduct R&D in cooperation with other firms. In the second stage the … R&D cooperation only considered process innovation, the model presented here also takes product innovation into account …