For creditor countries on the periphery of the dollar standard such as China with current account surpluses, foreign … the (incipient) deflation that China now faces. It could create a zero-interest liquidity trap in financial markets that … experience of Japan. Exchange rate appreciation, or the threat of it, causes macroeconomic distress without having any …

large economies, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. The empirical results show that although the pure NGARCH …

innovative technology within this trajectory. As for the diffusion of SC, the paper concentrates on Germany, USA, China and Japan … has established a lead market for SC technology. In the meanwhile, Japan has surpassed the United States, although it … comparative advantages in terms of prices, demand and market structure, Japan has caught up in terms of transfer advantage and …

concerning more efficient fossil fuel combustion and explores the potentials for lead markets for these technologies in China …, Germany, Japan and the USA taking into account the different regulation schemes in these countries. We concentrate on …. In the meanwhile, Japan has surpassed the United States, although it started as a typical lag market. Japan has caught up …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 … growth. The qualified case for China moving toward greater flexibility in the form of a very narrow band for the yuan …