We investigate the workforce heterogeneity of startups with respect to education, age and wages. Our explorative study … holds both for non-knowledge-based and, to a lesser extent, knowledge-based startups. This seems surprising since a vast …). We also document that workforces become more heterogeneous over time - startups add workers with skills different from …

linked employer-employee data on German start-ups we show that under constant human capital of the firms' founders …, employment growth in less than 11=2-year-old start-ups reacts countercyclically and employment growth in older start-ups reacts … procyclically. The young start-ups realize their countercyclical growth by hiring qualified labor market entrants who might be …

previous research. Using a large and representative sample of German start-ups, I show that worker replacement has negative …

- rived from large linked administrative individual labour market data from Germany for a period of three decades. We obtain …

refers to the early phase of DSL expansion in Germany from 2001 to 2003, when roughly 60 percent of the German firms already …