Although there seems to be consensus in the literature that venture capital investors increase the innovation output of … from seven European countries, we investigate which form of venture capital is most supportive of innovation. Our results … suggest that in companies financed by syndicates and by private venture capital investors, the innovation output increases …

productivity using firm level data from Pakistan. I split my sample into rural and urban regions to capture the effect of regional … regions with better infrastructure equipment. My findings reveal that indicators of health and education are positively and … districts only. For rural regions, both health and education show a negative impact on firm productivity. …

This paper analyses the relationship between past innovation output, competition, and future innovation input in a … results for both countries. Innovation output in t-1 as measured by the sales share of innovative products is positively …&D investments in t+1, while high substitutability exerts negative incentives for future R&D investment. -- Innovation ; R …