innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and …

market positions of firms, and that firms dispute not only about single patents but often about portfolios. Consequently …, this paper examines the occurrence of IP litigation cases in Belgian firms using the 2013 Community Innovation Survey with … supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …

higher innovative performance for firms that do not in-license. Furthermore, the effects of fragmentation on innovation also …

&D Collaboration ; Knowledge Exchange ; Patents ; Innovation ; Count Data Models … patenting, our results further suggest that knowledge creation alliances lead to patents that are filed to protect valuable …

Innovation is commercialization of technology. Imperfections in markets for technology should leave marks on physical … investments for innovation. Two types of transaction costs could affect innovative investments: royality stacking and hold … ownership fragmentation on investments related to innovation for firms with small patent portfolios. Hold-up threats are …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures’ “quality” to investors. If the decision about patent … start-up companies are reluctant to launch new products if patents are pending. Further, pending patents attract risk …

There is a growing literature that aims at assessing the private value of knowledge assets and patents. It has been … shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of …

holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …