innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures’ “quality” to investors. If the decision about patent … invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions …

of critical knowledge. Given that a patent specification has to include a clear description of the patented matter so … to patent law. This paper provides a model identifying the incentives for firms to deliberately obscure their inventive … knowledge in a patent specification. …

methods. Our estimations show that the usage of both, patents and secrecy, hinders the innovation activities of firms through … disclosure requirement of patents generates some spillover and at the same time allows firms to appropriate knowledge. In this … paper we empirically analyze whether protection by secrecy or protection by patents is associated with lower knowledge …

We use an exogenous change in German Federal law to examine how entrepreneurial support and the ownership of patent … of patent rights from university researchers to their universities. Based on a novel researcher-level panel database that … increase in start-up companies by university researchers. The shift in patent rights may have strengthened the relationship …

. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …

within a company group. However, the previous literature has rather focused on studying the impact of taxation on patent … by estimating and comparing the tax elasticities of two different types of intangibles - patents and trademarks. We … employ data on European and US patent and trademark applications in the period of 1996-2012 and estimate a multinomial logit …

Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat … is needed for successful utilization of this policy. -- R&D collaboration ; intellectual property ; uncertainty ; patents …

beyond formal methods (patents, copyrights, trademarks) to include strategic ones (secrecy, lead time, complex design). We … these issues empirically, based on a harmonized survey of innovation activities of more than 1,800 firms located in Portugal …