importance of the interactions and linkages among acteurs and institutions involved in innovation and technology development of a … country and calls such a web of interaction a national innovation system. The theoretical and empirical analyses on national … systems of innovation lead to the conclusion that countries differ in the way in which knowledge flows and that innovation …

product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger impact on productivity improvement in …

science. Based on a sample of more than 1,000 scientists at universities and public research institutes in Germany, this paper …Several reviews and impact assessment studies have concluded that the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and … sizes, less predefined research topics, a reduced administrative burden, and a higher quality of the peer review system …

In October 2013, the European Commission presented a new indicator intended to capture innovation outputs and outcomes … usefulness of the new indicator against the background of the difficulties in measuring innovation outputs and outcomes. We … develop a unique conceptual framework for measuring innovation outcomes that distinguishes structural change and structural …

substitution effects or general innovation outcome measures, but we are interested in knowing where the policy effect is highest …: on innovation close to the market (i.e. incremental innovation) or on innovation that is still far from the market and … market failure is highest, that is, for radical innovation. Taking into account that the Swiss funding agency encourages …

During the last 20 years, R&D and innovation activities in the service sector have clearly increased. Especially … services. About 8 percent of total employment in West Germany is in business services. In particular, by taking advantage of …" of technological information within the economy. They are providers, purchasers or partners in the context of innovation …

materials. However, increasing industry funding of research can restrict the dissemination of results and materials. We show … scientists who receive industry funding are twice as likely to deny requests for research inputs as those who do not. Receiving …, however, 50% more likely to be denied access to research materials by others, but this is not affected by being funded …

innovation: regulations, R&D subsidies and knowledge infrastructure (i.e. basic research at universities). We synthesize the …Public procurement has been at the centre of recent discussions on innovation policy on both European and national … levels (e.g., Aho-Report, Barcelona Strategy). It has a large potential to stimulate innovation since it accounts for 16% of …

recipients' investment is less sensitive to internal liquidity. -- Research and development ; liquidity constraints ; innovation …&D activities in its components, "R" and "D". In particular, we distinguish research from development as these activities do not … for financing their research compared to development activities. Moreover, we find that (basic) research subsidy …

biotech industry in Germany. We assume that R&D policy was driven blind by the idea to catch up with world’s biotech leaders … and analyse if Germany’s R&D policy lost its origins. We do examine, if Germany sacrifice economic funding principles, in …