effect of temporarily mitigating competition, and the negative effect of mandatory disclosure of a patent application … patent are negatively related as opposed to common intuition, (ii) in industries with imperfect appropriability in case of … secrecy the extent of the technological lead is positively associated with the propensity to patent, and that (iii) the …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures’ “quality” to investors. If the decision about patent …

innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and … for the same innovation or for different innovations. Employing firm panel data from Germany, we find fairly few …

supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …We contribute to the economic literature on patent litigation by taking a new perspective. In the past, scholars mostly … focused on specific litigation cases at the patent level and related technological characteristics to the event of litigation …

We use an exogenous change in German Federal law to examine how entrepreneurial support and the ownership of patent … of patent rights from university researchers to their universities. Based on a novel researcher-level panel database that … increase in start-up companies by university researchers. The shift in patent rights may have strengthened the relationship …

of critical knowledge. Given that a patent specification has to include a clear description of the patented matter so … to patent law. This paper provides a model identifying the incentives for firms to deliberately obscure their inventive … knowledge in a patent specification. …

. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …

This article explores the propensity to patent in the light of the disclosure effect. Unlike earlier approaches … facilitating inventing around the patent for competitors. In our theoretical model, we find that the disclosure effect - contingent … on the competitive environment of the inventor - possibly has substantial negative effects on the propensity to patent …

landscapes have a higher probability of in-licensing. For firms with small patent portfolios we also find a positive association … higher innovative performance for firms that do not in-license. Furthermore, the effects of fragmentation on innovation also … appear to depend on the size of a firm’s patent portfolio. These results suggest that the effects of fragmentation of …

In recent years, firms have increasingly contributed to and been confronted with a patent landscape characterized by … numerous but marginal inventions, overlapping claims and patent fences. Literature suggests that both the fragmentation of … ownership and the threat of a firm's patent applications being blocked by competitors' patents lead to increased patenting and …