Concerns have been raised that demographic ageing may weaken the competitiveness of knowledge-based economies and … Germany using a flexible knowledge production function and accounting for potential endogeneity of the regional workforce …

highest in Germany, followed by France, and Italy. However, even in Germany, the accommodation of a shock to unemployment by … European Union. Regression results are provided for Western Germany, France, and Italy. It is shown that labour mobility is …

fiscal adjustment in local jurisdictions which were hit by a negative revenue shock in formula transfers. Spanish local …-in-discontinuities' design to identify the causal effect of that shock on the amount of discretionary grants provided by three higher tiers of … that for themost indebted municipalities, a substantial share of the shock was absorbed by discretionary grants provided by …

actually favors stabilization. In an empirical analysis for Germany, the paper adds support for the finding of significant … regional stabilization by fiscal flows. The results indicate that about 17 % of GDP variation across West Germany's states has … been removed by fiscal flows during the last two decades. Thus, in Germany where the fiscal federalism is criticised for …

often means to stop or underresource innovation projects which may harm a firm's long-term competitiveness. Firms may … activities in order to update their product portfolio for the following recovery. Our analysis examines the effects of changes in …

Währungsunion. Hintergrund für diese Erweiterung ist das in Deutschland, aber auch in manchen anderen EU-Staaten, zu beobachtende … conventional theory is inspired by a phenomenon that can be observed for example in Germany but also in other European countries … union when asymmetric shocks occur. It is plausible to assume that today those determinants of national competitiveness that …

East Germany which point to a substantial shift in industry structure. Minimum wages decreased both market entries and … some type of evasion strategy in eastern Germany, particularly since wages for skilled roofers declined towards the minimum …